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Lists can be processed with the for and fold operators. Herein, the for operator can be given multiple lists to consume list element-wise (similar to for/list in Racket, mapcar in Common Lisp or zipwith in Erlang). The example below shows how to map over a single list, the result being a file list.
Because the lists are sorted initially, the head is the smallest element of each list; the heap property guarantees that the root contains the minimum element over all lists. Extract the root node from the heap, add the head element to the output buffer, create a new node out of the tail, and insert it into the heap.
Following Lisp, other high-level programming languages which feature linked lists as primitive data structures have adopted an append. To append lists, as an operator, Haskell uses ++, OCaml uses @. Other languages use the + or ++ symbols to nondestructively concatenate a string, list, or array.
In Raku, a sister language to Perl, for must be used to traverse elements of a list (foreach is not allowed). The expression which denotes the collection to loop over is evaluated in list-context, but not flattened by default, and each item of the resulting list is, in turn, aliased to the loop variable(s). List literal example:
In languages which support first-class functions and currying, map may be partially applied to lift a function that works on only one value to an element-wise equivalent that works on an entire container; for example, map square is a Haskell function which squares each element of a list.
PHP is free software released under the terms of PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) due to the restrictions PHP License places on the usage of the term PHP. [12] Perl is a family of high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages. The languages in this family include Perl 5 and ...
PHP treats newlines as whitespace, in the manner of a free-form language. The concatenation operator is . (dot). Array elements are accessed and set with square brackets in both associative arrays and indexed arrays. Curly brackets can be used to access array elements, but not to assign.
In computer programming, an iterator is an object that progressively provides access to each item of a collection, in order. [1] [2] [3]A collection may provide multiple iterators via its interface that provide items in different orders, such as forwards and backwards.