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In software engineering, the laws of software evolution refer to a series of laws that Lehman and Belady formulated starting in 1974 with respect to software evolution. [1] [2] The laws describe a balance between forces driving new developments on one hand, and forces that slow down progress on the other hand.
From 1964 to 1972 he worked at IBM's research division in Yorktown Heights, NY where he studied program evolution with Les Belady. The study of IBM's programming process gave the foundations for Lehman's laws of software evolution. [8] In 1972 he returned to Imperial College where he was Head of Section and later Head of Department (1979–1984).
Bélády is known for the "Belady Algorithm", the OPT (or MIN) Page Replacement Algorithm. [2] He co-designed and built IBM M44/44X, an experimental machine which is the first computer with multiple virtual machine organization. [2] He is co-founder of an industrial research consortium, the MCC. [4]
The idea of linking software complexity to software maintainability has been explored extensively by Professor Manny Lehman, who developed his Laws of Software Evolution. He and his co-author Les Belady explored numerous software metrics that could be used to measure the state of software, eventually concluding that the only practical solution ...
Manny Lehman used the term entropy in 1974 to describe the complexity of a software system, and to draw an analogy to the second law of thermodynamics. Lehman's laws of software evolution state that a complex software system will require continuous modifications to maintain its relevance to the environment around it, and that such modifications ...
According to bankruptcy examiner Anton Valukas, the seeds of Lehman's Sept. 15, 2008, bankruptcy were sown in 2006, aggressively fertilized throughout 2007 and 2008's first two quarters, and ...
This law also seems plausible for software systems; as a system is modified, its disorder, or entropy, tends to increase. This is known as software entropy . Within software development , there are similar theories; see Lehman (1985), [ 2 ] who suggested a number of laws, of which two were, basically, as follows:
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