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In January, 1778, with low recruitment to the Virginia line of the Continental Army and in the wake of heavy losses to Virginia regiments at the Battle of Germantown, the 2nd Virginia State Regiment was sent by Governor Patrick Henry (per an act of the General Assembly) to join the Continental Army in the Philadelphia Campaign.
Most of the regiment was captured at Charlestown, South Carolina, on May 12, 1780, by the British and the regiment was formally disbanded on January 1, 1783. From at least October 1777 until June 1778, the 12th Virginia Regiment was under the command of Colonel James Wood and contained companies under the command of the following captains:
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was an armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which American Patriot forces organized as the Continental Army and commanded by George Washington defeated the British Army.
Muster Rolls & other Records of Service of Maryland Troops in the American Revolution 1775–1783 ((HTML)) (Reprint ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Lord Baltimore Press, Maryland Historical Society. p. 736 pgs; Steuart, Rieman (1972). History of the Maryland Line in the Revolutionary War, 1775–1783. Towson:Society of the Cincinnati of Maryland.
On December 26, 1776, the vanguard was the 6th Company led by Captain William Washington and Lt. James Monroe. "When the Hessians rolled out a field gun midway on King Street, a half dozen Virginians led by Captain William Washington (a distant cousin of the commander) and Lieutenant James Monroe rushed forward, seized it, and turned it on them."
(Source: James Thacher, "Military Journal during the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783".) As described under "colours", the regiment in 1776 wore green hunting shirts with black caps trimmed white adorned with feather while the officers wore green coats with red facings and similar caps. [ 1 ]
It was raised on April 23, 1775, under Colonel John Thomas outside of Boston, Massachusetts; the commanding officer for much of its existence was Colonel John Bailey. The regiment would see action at the Battle of Bunker Hill , New York Campaign , Battle of Trenton , Battle of Princeton , Battle of Saratoga and the Battle of Monmouth .
Heitman, Francis B. Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army During the War of the Revolution. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1914 (reprint 1982). Collections of The New York Historical Society: Muster and Pay Rolls of the War of the Revolution, 1775-1783. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1914.
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