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The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities that existed in the Levant from 1098 to 1291. Following the principles of feudalism , the foundation for these polities was laid by the First Crusade , which was proclaimed by the Latin Church in 1095 in order to reclaim the Holy Land after it was lost to the 7th-century Muslim ...
With help from the Italian city-states and other adventurers, notably King Sigurd I of Norway, Baldwin captured the port cities of Acre (1104), Beirut (1110), and Sidon (1111), while exerting his suzerainty over the other crusader states to the north – Edessa (which he had founded in 1097 during the crusade), Antioch, and Tripoli, which he ...
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
Crusader state Conflict established in Date established Date disestablished County of Edessa [1] First Crusade: 1098 1144 Principality of Antioch [2] First Crusade: 1098 1268 Kingdom of Jerusalem [3] First Crusade: 1099 1291 County of Tripoli [4] First Crusade: 1102 1289 Kingdom of Cyprus [5] Third Crusade: 1192 1489 Latin Empire [6] Fourth ...
The Crusader states were then reduced by Saladin to little more than three cities along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea: Tyre, Tripoli and Antioch. [ 2 ] The Third Crusade (1189–1193) was launched in response to the fall of Jerusalem, with the goal of recovering the city.
The Principality of Antioch (Latin: Principatus Antiochenus; Norman: Princeté de Antioch) was one of the Crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) and Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of Edessa or the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
When it came to composite Crusader armies, there was no choice but to unite, since the surrounding hostile Arab and Turkish forces could easily outnumber the Crusaders. When that was the case with Baibars, the Crusader states fell one by one. One of the Crusaders' long-term goals was the conquest of Egypt.
In practice an extension of the Eighth Crusade, it was the last of the Crusades to reach the Holy Land before the fall of Acre in 1291 brought an end to the permanent crusader presence there. The crusade saw Edward clash with the Egyptian Mamluk sultan Baibars , with both achieving limited victories.