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[18] [19] The Revenue Act included a deduction for state and local taxes, as well as national taxes. [17] [20] This Civil War-era income tax was repealed in 1871. A federal income tax was again introduced in 1894, and again included deductions for state and local taxes, [19] but in 1895 the Supreme Court ruled the income tax unconstitutional in ...
A gross receipts tax or gross excise tax is a tax on the total gross revenues of a company, regardless of their source. A gross receipts tax is often compared to a sales tax ; the difference is that a gross receipts tax is levied upon the seller of goods or services, while a sales tax is nominally levied upon the buyer (although both are ...
It is opposed to net income, defined as the gross income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g., mandatory pension contributions). For a business, gross income (also gross profit , sales profit , or credit sales ) is the difference between revenue and the cost of making a product or providing a service, before deducting overheads , payroll ...
For profits that are earned by selling assets or a real estate (capital gains), the income tax varies between countries, and is different from for any other types of income. Rental income may also sometimes be subject to income tax, but many countries offer deductions or even exemptions for this type of income. [55]
The taxable amount of an estate is the gross fair market value of all rights considered property at the date of death (or an alternative valuation date) ("gross estate"), less liabilities of the decedent, costs of administration (including funeral expenses) and certain other deductions, see Stepped-up basis. State estate taxes are deductible ...
26 U.S.C. § 469 (relating to limitations on deductions for passive activity losses and limitations on passive activity credits) removed many tax shelters, especially for real estate investments. This contributed to the end of the real estate boom of the early-to-mid 1980s, which in turn was the primary cause of the U.S. savings and loan crisis.
Generally, "like kind" in terms of real estate, means any property that is classified real estate in any of the 50 U.S. states or Washington, D.C., and in some cases, the U.S. Virgin Islands. Taxpayers who hold real estate as inventory, or who purchase real estate for re-sale, are considered "dealers".
The base taxable amount is equal to the adjusted gross income determined on a payers federal tax return. The taxable amount can be lowered by applying several income tax deductions. The largest deductions in 2013 were a $3,000 deduction for rent paid and a deduction equal to the amount of taxes paid out of state.