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The functions of money are that it is a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value. [26] To fulfill these various functions, money must be: [27] Fungible: its individual units must be capable of mutual substitution (i.e., interchangeability). Durable: able to withstand repeated use. Divisible: divisible to small units.
A typical money-demand function may be written as = (,) where is the nominal amount of money demanded, P is the price level, R is the nominal interest rate, Y is real income, and L(.) is real money demand.
Money is well-suited to storing value because of its purchasing power. [4] It is also useful because of its durability. [5] Because of its function as a store of value, large quantities of money are hoarded. [6] Money's usefulness as a store of value declines if there are significant changes in the general level of prices. [7]
Monetary economics is the branch of economics that studies the different theories of money: it provides a framework for analyzing money and considers its functions ( as medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account), and it considers how money can gain acceptance purely because of its convenience as a public good. [1]
"Money is a matter of functions four: a medium, a measure, a standard and a store." However, many newer texts do not distinguish the function of a standard of deferred payment, subsuming it in other functions. [7] [8] [9] Being a standard of deferred payment is one of the functions of money; it is distinct from:
In economics, unit of account is one of the functions of money. A unit of account [1] is a standard numerical monetary unit of measurement of the market value of goods, services, and other transactions. Also known as a "measure" or "standard" of relative worth and deferred payment, a unit of account is a necessary prerequisite for the ...
In some economics textbooks, the supply-demand equilibrium in the markets for money and reserves is represented by a simple so-called money multiplier relationship between the monetary base of the central bank and the resulting money supply including commercial bank deposits. This is a short-hand simplification which disregards several other ...
The state of the economy, according to Keynes, is determined by four parameters: the money supply, the demand functions for consumption (or equivalently for saving) and for liquidity, and the schedule of the marginal efficiency of capital determined by 'the existing quantity of equipment' and 'the state of long-term expectation' (p. 246 ...