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  2. Self-ionization of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-ionization_of_water

    The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, autoprotolysis of water, autodissociation of water, or simply dissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H 2 O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH −.

  3. Electrolysis of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolysis_of_water

    Electrolysis of pure water requires excess energy in the form of overpotential to overcome various activation barriers. Without the excess energy, electrolysis occurs slowly or not at all. This is in part due to the limited self-ionization of water. Pure water has an electrical conductivity about one hundred thousandth that of seawater. [8] [9 ...

  4. Molecular autoionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_autoionization

    In chemistry, molecular autoionization (or self-ionization) is a chemical reaction between molecules of the same substance to produce ions. If a pure liquid partially dissociates into ions, it is said to be self-ionizing. [1]: 163 In most cases the oxidation number on all atoms in such a reaction remains unchanged.

  5. Autoprotolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoprotolysis

    Any chemical that contains both acidic hydrogen and lone pairs of electrons to accept H + can undergo autoprotolysis. For example, water undergoes autoprotolysis in the self-ionization of water reaction. 2 H 2 O ⇌ OH − + H 3 O + For example, ammonia in its purest form may undergo autoprotolysis: 2 NH 3 ⇌ NH − 2 + NH + 4. Another example ...

  6. Ionization energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energy

    Ionization energy trends plotted against the atomic number, in units eV.The ionization energy gradually increases from the alkali metals to the noble gases.The maximum ionization energy also decreases from the first to the last row in a given column, due to the increasing distance of the valence electron shell from the nucleus.

  7. Chemical equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equation

    A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]

  8. Chemical equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium

    Because water is the solvent, and has an activity of one, the self-ionization constant of water is defined as K w = [ H + ] [ O H − ] {\displaystyle K_{\mathrm {w} }=\mathrm {[H^{+}][OH^{-}]} } It is perfectly legitimate to write [H + ] for the hydronium ion concentration, since the state of solvation of the proton is constant (in dilute ...

  9. Ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization

    Adiabatic ionization is a form of ionization in which an electron is removed from or added to an atom or molecule in its lowest energy state to form an ion in its lowest energy state. [ 16 ] The Townsend discharge is a good example of the creation of positive ions and free electrons due to ion impact.