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The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, autoprotolysis of water, autodissociation of water, or simply dissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H 2 O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH −.
The first solvation shell of a sodium ion dissolved in water. An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula. For example, a solution of table salt, also known as sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na + (aq) + Cl ...
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+.The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table.
In chemistry, molecular autoionization (or self-ionization) is a chemical reaction between molecules of the same substance to produce ions. If a pure liquid partially dissociates into ions, it is said to be self-ionizing. [1]: 163 In most cases the oxidation number on all atoms in such a reaction remains unchanged. Such autoionization can be ...
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]
The concept of chemical equilibrium was developed in 1803, after Berthollet found that some chemical reactions are reversible. [4] For any reaction mixture to exist at equilibrium, the rates of the forward and backward (reverse) reactions must be equal. In the following chemical equation, arrows point both ways to indicate equilibrium. [5]
where [] is not included because in dilute solution the solvent is essentially a pure liquid with a thermodynamic activity of one. [2]: 668 K a is variously named a dissociation constant, [3] an acid ionization constant, [2]: 668 an acidity constant [1] or an ionization constant.
Any chemical that contains both acidic hydrogen and lone pairs of electrons to accept H + can undergo autoprotolysis. For example, water undergoes autoprotolysis in the self-ionization of water reaction. 2 H 2 O ⇌ OH − + H 3 O + For example, ammonia in its purest form may undergo autoprotolysis: 2 NH 3 ⇌ NH − 2 + NH + 4. Another example ...