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Rhipicephalus sanguineus, commonly called the brown dog tick, kennel tick, [1] or pantropical dog tick, [1] is a species of tick found worldwide, but more commonly in warmer climates. This species is unusual among ticks in that its entire lifecycle can be completed indoors. [ 2 ]
Chorioptes bovis infestations are found on cattle, sheep and horses but do not cause the severe reactions associated with Psoroptes mites. Other common psoroptic mites are in the genera Chorioptes and Otodectes. Otodectes cynotis infestations in the ears of dogs are a common problem. Psoroptes ovis (arrowed) on skin, histological section
Preventing tick infestation is an important global effort. It is estimated that the worldwide cost associated with controlling tick levels and tick borne disease is as high as 13.9 to 18.7 million US dollars. [9] There are multiple ways to approach the issue of how to prevent tick infestation.
Some mites are parasitic, but all ticks are parasitic feeders. Ticks pierce the skin of their hosts with specialized mouthparts to suck blood, and they survive exclusively by this obligate method of feeding. Some species of mites may be mistaken for larval ticks at infestations on animal hosts, but their feeding mechanisms are distinctive.
Many other types of ticks may feed on the cats, but the only other tick that has been shown to transmit the organism is the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) but only in a research setting. [2] [5] [10] In the past, domestic cats were thought to always die from infection so they were considered terminal hosts or "dead end hosts". [4]
Cats and dogs can acquire the disease from the bite of a tick or flea that has fed on an infected host, such as a rabbit or rodent. For treatment of infected cats, antibiotics are the preferred treatment, including tetracycline, chloramphenicol or streptomycin. Long treatment courses may be necessary as relapses are common. [51]
A feline zoonosis is a viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan, nematode or arthropod infection that can be transmitted to humans from the domesticated cat, Felis catus.Some of these diseases are reemerging and newly emerging infections or infestations caused by zoonotic pathogens transmitted by cats.
Ectoparasiticides, used as dips, can be used to reduce exposure the animals exposure to bont ticks. In areas endemic for heartwater, the use of dips against other ticks of domestic animals, such as Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) and Hyalomma species is likely, and this will usually contribute to control of vectors of E. ruminantium.