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The history of robots has its origins in the ancient world. During the Industrial Revolution, humans developed the structural engineering capability to control electricity so that machines could be powered with small motors. In the early 20th century, the notion of a humanoid machine was developed.
The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as bots. [11] There is no consensus on which machines qualify as robots but there is general agreement among experts, and the public, that robots tend to possess some or all of the following abilities and functions: accept electronic programming, process data or physical ...
Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics. The word "robot" was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920. The term "robotics" was coined by Isaac Asimov in his 1941 science fiction short-story "Liar!" [1]
Josef Čapek (brother) Helena Čapková (sister) Signature. Karel Čapek (Czech: [ˈkarɛl ˈtʃapɛk] ⓘ; 9 January 1890 – 25 December 1938) was a Czech writer, playwright, critic and journalist. He has become best known for his science fiction, including his novel War with the Newts (1936) and play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots, 1920 ...
This term is coined by Professor Hans Moravec, Principal Research Scientist at the Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute in describing the near future evolution of robot technology. First-generation robots, Moravec predicted in 1997, should have an intellectual capacity comparable to perhaps a lizard and should become available by 2010.
The term "AI winter" was coined by researchers who had survived the funding cuts of 1974 when they became concerned that enthusiasm for expert systems had spiraled out of control and that disappointment would certainly follow. [ae] Their fears were well founded: in the late 1980s and early 1990s, AI suffered a series of financial setbacks. [122]
Karel Čapek's play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) opened in London. This is the first use of the word "robot" in English. [44] 1920-1925 Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising created and analyzed the Ising model (1925) [45] which can be viewed as the first artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) consisting of neuron-like threshold elements. [9]
Science fiction. R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek. "R.U.R." stands for Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti (Rossum's Universal Robots, [1] a phrase that has been used as a subtitle in English versions). [2] The play had its world premiere on 2 January 1921 in Hradec Králové; [3] it introduced the word "robot ...