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The name of Libya was changed several times during Gaddafi's tenure as leader. From 1969 to 1977, the name was the Libyan Arab Republic. In 1977, the name was changed to Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. [2] Jamahiriya was a term coined by Gaddafi, [2] usually translated as "state of the masses".
The roots of the 1951–2011 Libyan armed forces can be traced to the Libyan Arab Force (popularly known as the Sanusi Army) of World War II. [6] Shortly after Italy entered the war, a number of Libyan leaders living in exile in Egypt called on their compatriots to organise themselves into military units and join the British in the war against the Axis powers.
On 2 March 1977, Gaddafi convened a General People's Congress (GPC) to proclaim the establishment of "people's power," change the country's name to the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, and to vest, theoretically, primary authority in the GPC.
Libya, [d] officially the State of Libya, [e] is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest, as well as maritime borders with Greece, Italy and Malta to the north.
Gaddafi's vision for Libya culminated in the establishment of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 1977, a "state of the masses" that was meant to reflect his theoretical proposals in The Green Book. [8] This new state structure aimed to replace traditional institutions with direct forms of democracy as articulated through people's congresses and ...
The Third International Theory (Arabic: نظرية عالمية ثالثة), also known as the Third Universal Theory and Gaddafism, was the style of government proposed by Muammar Gaddafi on 15 April 1973 in his Zuwara speech, [11] on which his government, the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, was officially based.
The Declaration set the constitutional framework of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, and was considered part of its constitution alongside the Great Green Charter of Human Rights issued in 1988. [1] This amendment to the constitutional proclamation of 1969 would remain in force until the adoption of the interim constitutional declaration on 3 August ...
Flag of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (lasting from 1977 to 2011), the national anthem of which was "الله أكبر" (lit. ' God is Great ') In 1977, Libya officially became the "Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya".