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2. Base64 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64

   The more typical use is to encode binary data (such as an image); the resulting Base64 data will only contain 64 different ASCII characters, all of which can reliably be transferred across systems that may corrupt the raw source bytes. Here is a well-known idiom from distributed computing:

3. JPEG File Interchange Format - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG_File_Interchange_Format

   The bytes s1 and s2 are taken together to represent a big-endian 16-bit integer specifying the length of the following "data bytes" plus the 2 bytes used to represent the length. In other words, s1 and s2 specify the number of the following data bytes as 256 ⋅ s 1 + s 2 − 2 {\displaystyle 256\cdot s1+s2-2} .

4. Binary-to-text encoding - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding

   Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text.

5. Data conversion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_conversion

   For example, it is possible to convert Cyrillic text from KOI8-R to Windows-1251 using a lookup table between the two encodings, but the modern approach is to convert the KOI8-R file to Unicode first and from that to Windows-1251. This is a more manageable approach; rather than needing lookup tables for all possible pairs of character encodings ...

6. Image file format - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_file_format

   An image file format is a file format for a digital image. ... 640 × 480 × 24 = 7,372,800 bits = 921,600 bytes = 900 KiB. With vector images, the file size ...

7. BMP file format - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_file_format

   In version 2.1.4 FFmpeg supported (in its own terminology) the BMP pixel formats bgra, bgr24, rgb565le, rgb555le, rgb444le, rgb8, bgr8, rgb4_byte, bgr4_byte, gray, pal8, and monob; i.e., bgra was the only supported pixel format with transparency. [24] Example 1 of a 2×2 pixel bitmap, with 24 bits/pixel encoding