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Presentation of twins in Der Rosengarten ("The Rose Garden"), a German standard medical text for midwives published in 1513. In obstetrics, the presentation of a fetus about to be born specifies which anatomical part of the fetus is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal.
Shoulder presentation with transverse lie are classified into four types, based on the location of the scapula (shoulderblade); note: the presentation is significantly different from asynclitic positioning, and in most cases needs to be delivered by cesarean section. Left scapula-anterior (LSA) Right scapula-anterior (RSA) Left scapula ...
While a transverse lie prior to labor can be manually versed to a longitudinal lie, once the uterus starts contracting the uterus normally will not allow any version procedure. A shoulder presentation is an indication for a caesarean section. Generally, as it is diagnosed early, the baby is not damaged by the time of delivery.
According to Gabbe, "There is no place for internal podalic version and breech extraction in the management of transverse or oblique lie or unstable presentation in singleton pregnancies because of the unacceptably high rate of fetal and maternal complications." Podalic version has a long history spanning back to Hippocrates.
In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]
The biparietal (9.5 cm), the greatest transverse diameter of the head, which extends from one parietal boss to the other. The bitemporal (8.0 cm), the greatest distance between the two temporal sutures. The occipitomental (12.5 cm), from the chin to the most prominent portion of the occiput
Leopold's maneuvers. In obstetrics, Leopold maneuvers are a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus.They are named after the gynecologist Christian Gerhard Leopold.
Asynclitic presentation is not to be confused with a shoulder presentation, where the shoulder leads first. Fetal head asynclitism may affect the progression of labor, increase the need for obstetrical intervention, and may be associated with difficult instrumental delivery. [ 3 ]