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[1] Exposure to cyanobacteria can result in gastro-intestinal and hayfever symptoms or pruritic skin rashes. [2] Exposure to the cyanobacteria neurotoxin BMAA may be an environmental cause of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. [3]
These shellfish are filter feeders and accumulate neurotoxins, chiefly saxitoxin, produced by microscopic algae, such as dinoflagellates, diatoms, and cyanobacteria. [1] Dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are the most numerous and widespread saxitoxin producers and are responsible for PSP blooms in subarctic, temperate, and tropical ...
Samples of yellow-band disease. Left: a coral in the early stages of an attack. Right: same coral several weeks later. Yellow-band disease (similar to Yellow Blotch disease) [1] is a coral disease that attacks colonies of coral at a time when coral is already under stress from pollution, overfishing, and climate change. [2]
The oldest undisputed evidence of cyanobacteria is dated to be 2.1 Ga ago, but there is some evidence for them as far back as 2.7 Ga ago. [31] Cyanobacteria might have also emerged 3.5 Ga ago. [178] Oxygen concentrations in the atmosphere remained around or below 0.001% of today's level until 2.4 Ga ago (the Great Oxygenation Event). [179]
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) bloom on Lake Erie (United States) in 2009. These kinds of algae can cause harmful algal bloom. A harmful algal bloom (HAB), or excessive algae growth, sometimes called a red tide in marine environments, is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural algae-produced toxins, water deoxygenation, mechanical damage to ...
Several species of cyanobacteria have been found associated with black band disease, [5] [6] the most well-known of which is Phormidium corallyticum. [7] Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, dominated by Beggiatoa spp., [ 8 ] are present in well-developed bands and exhibit visible vertical migrations within the band matrix (Richardson, 1996; Viehman and ...
Marine cyanobacteria are to date the smallest known photosynthetic organisms; Prochlorococcus is the smallest at just 0.5 to 0.7 micrometres in diameter. [11] [2] The coccoid shaped cells are non-motile and free-living. Their small size and large surface-area-to-volume ratio, gives them an advantage in nutrient-poor water.
Transmission from cyanobacteria to the bald eagle. In 2021, researchers found that the cause of the disease is a neurotoxin produced by the cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola. [6] This particular cyanobacterium grows very well on the invasive species hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), covering 20–90% of leaf surfaces. [8]