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Indian alchemists and Chinese alchemists made contributions to Eastern varieties of the art. Alchemy is still practiced today by a few, and alchemist characters still appear in recent fictional works and video games. Many alchemists are known from the thousands of surviving alchemical manuscripts and books. Some of their names are listed below.
Julia Lermontova (1846–1919), Russian chemist, first Russian female doctorate in chemistry; Laura Linton (1853–1915), American chemist, teacher, and physician; Rachel Lloyd (1839–1900), First American female to earn a doctorate in chemistry, first regularly admitted female member of the American Chemical Society, studied sugar beets
Cleopatra the Alchemist (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα; fl. c. 3rd century AD) was a Greek alchemist, writer, and philosopher. She experimented with practical alchemy but is also credited as one of the four female alchemists who could produce the philosopher's stone .
Mary the Jewess – First Western alchemist (1st century) [6] Menander – First century Samaritan Gnostic; Moses – Prophet in Abrahamic religions [7] Moses of Alexandria – Early alchemist; Nigidius Figulus – Roman philosopher and writer; Ostanes – Pen-name used by several pseudo-anonymous authors of Greek and Latin works of alchemy
1st century CE: Mary the Jewess was among the world's first alchemists. [5] 1st century BCE: A woman known only as Fang became the earliest recorded Chinese female alchemist. She is credited with "the discovery of how to turn mercury into silver" – possibly the chemical process of boiling off mercury in order to extract pure silver residue ...
Nicolas Flamel (c. 1330–1418), French alchemist; Paul Flory (1910–1985), 1974 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; Maria Forsyth, Australian researcher, new plastic materials for batteries; Margaret D. Foster (1895–1970), Manhattan Project chemist and the first female chemist to work for the United States Geological Survey
Mary or Maria the Jewess (Latin: Maria Hebraea), also known as Mary the Prophetess (Latin: Maria Prophetissa) or Maria the Copt (Arabic: مارية القبطية, romanized: Māriyya al-Qibṭiyya), [1] was an early alchemist known from the works of Zosimos of Panopolis (fl. c. 300) and other authors in the Greek alchemical tradition. [2]
Works of female cosmetic and medicinal remedies were strategically written under the name of a woman, so the work itself would be underscored of its value and authenticity by the male population, while still being reputable in the eyes of women during that time. [2] The "secrets" were recipes of different cosmetic and medicinal purposes. [2]