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location of Aachen in the Meuse (Dutch and German: Maas) river system (Wurm→ Rur→ Meuse→ North Sea)Aachen (/ ˈ ɑː k ən / ⓘ AH-kən, German: ⓘ; Aachen dialect: Oche; Dutch: Aken [ˈaːkə(n)] ⓘ; French: Aix-la-Chapelle; [a] Latin: Aquae Granni or Aquisgranum) is the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants.
The Free Imperial City of Aachen, also known in English by its French name of Aix-la-Chapelle and today known simply as Aachen, was a Free Imperial City and spa of the Holy Roman Empire west of Cologne [1] and southeast of the Low Countries, in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle. [2]
The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, sometimes called the Treaty of Aachen, ended the War of the Austrian Succession, following a congress assembled on 24 April 1748 at the Free Imperial City of Aachen. The two main antagonists in the war, Britain and France, opened peace talks in the Dutch city of Breda in 1746.
A number of significant councils of the Latin Church were held at Aachen (also known in French as Aix-la-Chapelle) in the early Middle Ages.. In the mixed council of 798, Charlemagne proclaimed a capitulary of eighty-one chapters, largely a repetition of earlier ecclesiastical legislation, that was accepted by the clergy and acquired canonical authority.
The Congress of Aachen (French: Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle) was assembled on 24 April 1748 in the Imperial Free City of Aachen, in the west of the Holy Roman Empire, to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession.
Its real significance was aligning English and Dutch objectives, despite the brief interruption in 1672 of the deeply unpopular Third Anglo-Dutch War; the Dutch viewed Aix-la-Chapelle as a diplomatic triumph. [59] Concern over French ambitions also revived the Orangist party, increasing internal political conflict with De Witt's Republican faction.
There were three Treaties of Aix-la-Chapelle. Although "Aix-la-Chapelle", the French name of the German city of Aachen, is an exonym now rarely used in English, the name Treaty of Aachen is rarely used. Pax Nicephori, also sometimes called Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 812, Byzantine recognition of the Carolingian empire; Treaty of Aix-la ...
The treaty was mediated and guaranteed by the Triple Alliance of the Dutch Republic, England and Sweden at the First Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle. By the terms of the treaty, Louis XIV returned three cities, Cambrai (Kamerijk), Aire (Ariën aan de Leie), and Saint-Omer (Sint-Omaars) to Spain. [1] He also returned the province of Franche-Comté. [1]