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A continuous function () on the closed interval [,] showing the absolute max (red) and the absolute min (blue).. In calculus, the extreme value theorem states that if a real-valued function is continuous on the closed and bounded interval [,], then must attain a maximum and a minimum, each at least once.
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum [a] of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extremum , [ b ] they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function.
Fermat's theorem gives only a necessary condition for extreme function values, as some stationary points are inflection points (not a maximum or minimum). The function's second derivative , if it exists, can sometimes be used to determine whether a stationary point is a maximum or minimum.
In conjunction with the extreme value theorem, it can be used to find the absolute maximum and minimum of a real-valued function defined on a closed and bounded interval. In conjunction with other information such as concavity, inflection points, and asymptotes , it can be used to sketch the graph of a function.
The stationary points are the red circles. In this graph, they are all relative maxima or relative minima. The blue squares are inflection points.. In mathematics, particularly in calculus, a stationary point of a differentiable function of one variable is a point on the graph of the function where the function's derivative is zero.
A function is continuous on a semi-open or a closed interval; if the interval is contained in the domain of the function, the function is continuous at every interior point of the interval, and the value of the function at each endpoint that belongs to the interval is the limit of the values of the function when the variable tends to the ...
The calculus of variations is concerned with the maxima or minima (collectively called extrema) of functionals. A functional maps functions to scalars, so functionals have been described as "functions of functions." Functionals have extrema with respect to the elements of a given function space defined over a given domain.
Extreme value theory or extreme value analysis (EVA) is the study of extremes in statistical distributions. It is widely used in many disciplines, such as structural engineering , finance , economics , earth sciences , traffic prediction, and geological engineering .
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