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Metallic lead is obtained by reducing PbO with carbon monoxide at around 1,200 °C (2,200 °F): [13] PbO + CO → Pb + CO 2. The red and yellow forms of this material are related by a small change in enthalpy: PbO (red) → PbO (yellow) ΔH = 1.6 kJ/mol. PbO is amphoteric, which means that it reacts with both acids and with bases.
Lead oxides are a group of inorganic compounds with formulas including lead (Pb) and oxygen (O). Common lead oxides include: Lead(II) oxide, PbO, litharge (red), massicot (yellow) Lead tetroxide or red lead, Pb 3 O 4, minium, which is a lead (II,IV) oxide and may be thought of as lead(II) orthoplumbate(IV) [Pb 2+] 2 [PbO 4− 4], vivid orange ...
Massicot is lead (II) oxide mineral with an orthorhombic lattice structure. Lead(II) oxide (formula: PbO) can occur in one of two lattice formats, orthorhombic and tetragonal. The red tetragonal form is called litharge. PbO can be changed from massicot to litharge (or vice versa) by controlled heating and cooling.
Tarnished lead (left) and shiny lead (right) Compounds of lead exist with lead in two main oxidation states: +2 and +4. The former is more common. Inorganic lead(IV) compounds are typically strong oxidants or exist only in highly acidic solutions. [1] Red α-PbO and yellow β-PbO The mixed valence oxide Pb 3 O 4 Black PbO 2 which is a strong ...
Historically, the term litharge has been combined to refer to other similar substances. For example, litharge of gold is litharge mixed with red lead, giving it a red color; litharge of bismuth is a similar result of the oxidation of bismuth; and litharge of silver is litharge that comes as a by-product of separating silver from lead.
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Lead ochre or massicot [3]: 184 — β-PbO, [4]: 393 (Lead ocher) massicot, stable at temperatures above 489°C, metastable at room temperature, yellow crystals, is a secondary mineral which forms from the oxidation of galena ores, is a bright yellow pigment; Lead ochre or litharge [5]: 548 — α-PbO, [4]: 393 lead litharge, stable up to a ...
The researchers analyzed historical data on childhood blood-lead levels, leaded gas use and U.S. population statistics, determining that more than 170 million Americans had "clinically concerning ...