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Texas seceded from the United States in 1861 and joined the Confederate States of America on the eve of the American Civil War. It replaced the pro-Union governor, Sam Houston, in the process. During the war, slavery in Texas was little affected, and prices for enslaved people remained high until the last few months of the war.
The Third Texas Cavalry in the Civil War (University of Oklahoma Press, 2000) Howell, Kenneth Wayne (2009). The Seventh Star of the Confederacy: Texas During the Civil War. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 9781574412598. Horton, Louise (2010) [1974]. Samuel Bell Maxey: A Biography. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-2927-8872-5.
Slavery was a divisive issue in the United States. It was a major issue during the writing of the U.S. Constitution in 1787, the subject of political crises in the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 and was the primary cause of the American Civil War in 1861. Just before the Civil War, there were 19 free states and 15 slave ...
This continued during the war, and there was a large expansion of slavery into Texas, which had been made a state in 1845. [6] However, late in the war, many slave owners recognized the increasing probability that slavery would be ended, and there is evidence that they increased their attempts to sell the people they held in slavery. [7]
Texas, as the most remote state of the former Confederacy, had seen an expansion of slavery because the presence of Union troops was low as the American Civil War ended; thus, the enforcement of the Emancipation Proclamation had been slow and inconsistent there prior to Granger's order. [9]
A. R. Roessler's Latest Map of the State of Texas, 1874. During the American Civil War, Texas had joined the Confederate States.The Confederacy was defeated, and U.S. Army soldiers arrived in Texas on June 19, 1865 to take possession of the state, restore order, and enforce the emancipation of slaves.
Texas was a prime location for agricultural immigration, due to its numerous rivers and rich soil. [14] Due to high amounts of immigration, the settled population of Texas rose to nearly 147,000 in 1847. [14] The settled population eventually rose to 600,000 in 1860. [14] San Antonio became one of the largest cities in Texas during this time. [15]
During the antebellum period, Germans displayed a complex set of opinions on slavery and secession. Several Germans owned slaves, and some eventually supported Texas's secession from the United States. [12] Most Germans, however were apathetic to slavery. A vocal minority of Germans was actively antagonistic to the institution of slavery. [13]