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One metric horsepower is needed to lift 75 kilograms by 1 metre in 1 second. The various units used to indicate this definition (PS, KM, cv, hk, pk, k, ks and ch) all translate to horse power in English. British manufacturers often intermix metric horsepower and mechanical horsepower depending on the origin of the engine in question. [citation ...
The term "horse power" probably predates the name of the horsepower unit of measurement. [Notes 1] The word "power" in late-19th-century American English, for example, was often used for any example in the whole category of power sources, including water powers, wind powers, horse powers (for example, sweep powers), dog powers, and even (in a few cases) sheep powers; in the Pennsylvania Oil ...
Internal combustion engines date back to between the 10th and 13th centuries, when the first rocket engines were invented in China. Following the first commercial steam engine (a type of external combustion engine) by Thomas Savery in 1698, various efforts were made during the 18th century to develop equivalent internal combustion engines.
The most plentiful engines of the time were Ford Model T, Model A, and Model B engines. The Model A engine, available cheaply, [75] [76] and fairly light while providing 40 horsepower [13] [75] – and designed for operation at low-RPM speeds ideal for propellers [13] – proved adaptable to some single-seat or two-seat aircraft.
At the height of the horsepower era, Pontiac engines reached ratings of 390 hp (291 kW; 395 PS) (SAE gross), though other engines achieved considerably higher outputs. Federal emissions laws eventually brought the horsepower era to a close and resulted in a steady decline for Pontiac's engines. One holdout to this industry-wide slide was the ...
Much of this evolution took place in North America, where horses originated but became extinct about 10,000 years ago, [2] before being reintroduced in the 15th century. The horse belongs to the order Perissodactyla ( odd-toed ungulates ), the members of which all share hooved feet and an odd number of toes on each foot, as well as mobile upper ...
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Later engines, which marked probably the high point of Newcomen engine design, deliver up to 80 horsepower (around 60 kW). 1775 (): By this date about 600 Newcomen engines erected in the UK. 1779 (): The crank first applied by James Pickard to a Newcomen engine, producing rotary motion. Pickard patents this the following year, but the patent is ...