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Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into America, Europe, and New Zealand. In these regions it has devastated native populations of elms that did not have resistance to ...
Dutch elm disease was spread by elm bark beetles, yet the tree mortality was caused by a pathogen. [4] Chestnut blight is a fungus spread through wind dispersal and rain splatter; the blight traveled up to 50 miles in a year by natural means. [5] Insect pests, once they reach the adult phase, have the ability to disperse by flight.
O. novo-ulmi infestation can spread rapidly, causing severe damage and death to susceptible elm trees. Effective management strategies, such as tree removal, pruning, and applications, may be used to control the spread of the disease in affected areas. [4] Early detection and prevention are key in managing Dutch elm disease caused by O. novo-ulmi.
The tree succumbed to Dutch elm disease and was felled in 1968. A ring count established that it had begun life in the year 1701. [61] The "Great Elm Tree" at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts is believed to have been standing for at least 200 years. It is being well cared for and receives regular treatments for Dutch elm disease. [62]
Ulmus americana, generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, [a] is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very hardy species that can withstand low winter temperatures, but it is affected by Dutch elm disease.
Dutch elm disease originated in Europe in the early 1900s. [4] Elm trees were once an ecologically valuable tree that dominated mixed broadleaf forests, floodplains, and low areas near rivers and streams. [5] They were planted in urban settings because of their aesthetic appeal and their ability to provide shade due to their V like shape. [6]
The American Elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Delaware' was originally selected (as tree number 218, a c.1940 seedling from North Dakota) from 35,000 seedlings inoculated with the Dutch elm disease fungus in USDA trials at Morristown, New Jersey. [1]
The Dutch elm disease is spread in North America by two species : the native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes, and the European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus. In Europe, while the aforementioned Scolytus multistriatus again acts as vector for infection, it is much less effective than the large elm bark beetle Scolytus scolytus.