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various potassium channels suspected Temple–Baraitser syndrome: Voltage-gated potassium channel, KCNH1 [7] Timothy syndrome: Voltage-dependent calcium channel Tinnitus: Voltage-gated potassium channel of the KCNQ family Seizure: Voltage-dependent potassium channel [8] [9] Zimmermann–Laband syndrome, type1 Voltage-gated potassium channel, KCNH1
Potassium channel Kv1.2, structure in a membrane-like environment. Calculated hydrocarbon boundaries of the lipid bilayer are indicated by red and blue lines. Potassium channels are the most widely distributed type of ion channel found in virtually all organisms. [1] They form potassium-selective pores that span cell membranes.
Each inward-rectifier potassium channel α-subunit is composed of two transmembrane α-helices, a pore helix and a potassium ion selectivity filter sequence and assembles into a tetramer forming the complete channel. [3] The two-pore domain potassium channels instead are dimers where each subunit is essentially two α-subunits joined together. [4]
Inward-rectifier potassium channels (K ir, IRK) are a specific lipid-gated subset of potassium channels. To date, seven subfamilies have been identified in various mammalian cell types, [1] plants, [2] and bacteria. [3] They are activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2). The malfunction of the channels has been implicated in ...
Calcium-activated potassium channels are potassium channels gated by calcium, [1] or that are structurally or phylogenetically related to calcium gated channels. They were first discovered in 1958 by Gardos [ who? ] who saw that calcium levels inside of a cell could affect the permeability of potassium through that cell membrane.
In eukaryotes, two of the best known mechanosensitive ion channels are the potassium channels TREK-1 and TRAAK, both of which are found in mammalian neurons. Recently, a new mechanosensitive ion channel family was cloned, with two mammalian members, PIEZO1 and PIEZO2. [87]
Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) are transmembrane channels specific for potassium and sensitive to voltage changes in the cell's membrane potential. During action potentials , they play a crucial role in returning the depolarized cell to a resting state.
Four genes have been identified as members of the K ATP gene family. The sur1 and kir6.2 genes are located in chr11p15.1 while kir6.1 and sur2 genes reside in chr12p12.1. The kir6.1 and kir6.2 genes encode the pore-forming subunits of the K ATP channel, with the SUR subunits being encoded by the sur1 (SUR1) gene or selective splicing of the sur2 gene (SUR2A and SUR2B).