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The course is to be distinguished from the heading, which is the direction where the watercraft's bow or the aircraft's nose is pointed. [1] [2] [3] [page needed] The path that a vessel follows is called a track or, in the case of aircraft, ground track (also known as course made good or course over the ground). [1] The intended track is a route.
[a] Any difference between the heading and course is due to the motion of the underlying medium, the air or water, or other effects like skidding or slipping. The difference is known as the drift, and can be determined by the wind triangle. At least seven ways to measure the heading of a vehicle have been described. [1]
The solution is to calculate the angle that the aircraft should fly in order to cancel out this drift, the difference between the course and the heading. [21] Calculating the proper drift angle is a simple task of basic vector addition , and is commonly carried out on a circular slide rule like the E6B.
In nautical navigation the relative bearing of an object is the clockwise angle from the heading of the vessel to a straight line drawn from the observation station on the vessel to the object. The relative bearing is measured with a pelorus or other optical and electronic aids to navigation such as a periscope , sonar system , and radar systems .
Dead reckoning positions are calculated at predetermined intervals, and are maintained between fixes. The duration of the interval varies. Factors including one's speed made good and the nature of heading and other course changes, and the navigator's judgment determine when dead reckoning positions are calculated.
The course over the ground is the path that will cause the vessel or aircraft to arrive at its destination, if adhered to in the presence of wind or water currents. The course to be steered or aircraft heading is the direction in which the bow or nose is pointed to achieve the desired course over the ground. Remember that we're including ...
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Great-circle navigation or orthodromic navigation (related to orthodromic course; from Ancient Greek ορθός (orthós) ' right angle ' and δρόμος (drómos) ' path ') is the practice of navigating a vessel (a ship or aircraft) along a great circle. Such routes yield the shortest distance between two points on the globe. [1]