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In both non-obstructive and obstructive cholestasis, there is an accumulation of substances that are typically secreted in the bile, as well as degeneration of hepatocytes. [90] The most significant feature from a histopathological perspective includes pigmentation resulting from the retention of bilirubin.
However, instances with symptoms and signs of a bowel obstruction occur, but with the absence of a mechanical obstruction, mainly in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, Ogilvie's syndrome. [3] In 2023 the US FDA reported gastrointestinal ileus as an adverse effect of the medication semaglutide , with frequency and causal relationship unknown.
The kidney bean sign (more commonly called the coffee bean sign; also bent inner tube sign) is a radiologic sign observed on abdominal radiographs that indicates the presence of a sigmoid volvulus, a form of bowel obstruction. It is seen as an area of hyperlucency resembling a coffee bean. [1]
Depending on the level of obstruction, bowel obstruction can present with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and constipation.Bowel obstruction may be complicated by dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities due to vomiting; respiratory compromise from pressure on the diaphragm by a distended abdomen, or aspiration of vomitus; bowel ischemia or perforation from prolonged distension or ...
However, it could easily be mistaken for free intra-abdominal air (pneumoperitoneum) which could mistakenly be attributed to bowel perforation. Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare condition when pain occurs due to transposition of a loop of large intestine (usually transverse colon ) in between the diaphragm and the liver , visible on plain abdominal ...
The stepladder sign is a radiological finding observed in the context of small bowel obstruction on abdominal X-rays or computed tomography scans. It refers to the appearance of multiple, dilated small bowel loops arranged in a step-like configuration, typically visible in upright or lateral decubitus imaging positions.
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) is a clinical syndrome caused by severe impairment in the ability of the intestines to push food through. It is characterized by the signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction without any lesion in the intestinal lumen. [ 1 ]
This is in contrast to gas in the intestinal lumen (which is relieved by flatulence). In newborns, pneumatosis intestinalis is considered diagnostic for necrotizing enterocolitis, and the gas is produced by bacteria in the bowel wall. [3] The pathogenesis of pneumatosis intestinalis is poorly understood and is likely multifactorial.