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The Baldwin effect compared to Lamarck's theory of evolution, Darwinian evolution, and Waddington's genetic assimilation. All the theories offer explanations of how organisms respond to a changed environment with adaptive inherited change. In evolutionary biology, the Baldwin effect describes an effect of learned behaviour on evolution.
Phenotypic plasticity refers to some of the changes in an organism's behavior, morphology and physiology in response to a unique environment. [1] [2] Fundamental to the way in which organisms cope with environmental variation, phenotypic plasticity encompasses all types of environmentally induced changes (e.g. morphological, physiological, behavioural, phenological) that may or may not be ...
This extends to morphology, where variations must occur in a systematic order; otherwise, phenotypic mutations will not persist due to the occurrence of natural selection. The variation affects the speed and rate of evolutionary change through the selection and modulation of phenotypic variations. [ 28 ]
Waddington called the effect he had seen "genetic assimilation". His explanation was that it was caused by a process he called "canalization".He compared embryonic development to a ball rolling down a slope in what he called an epigenetic landscape, where each point on the landscape is a possible state of the organism (involving many variables).
Before the emergence of modern genetics, A. G. Gurwitsch analysed the embryonic development of the sea urchin in 1910 as a vector-field − a mathematical construct for analysis of remote effects − as if the proliferation of cells into organs were brought about by putative external forces.
[75] [76] [77] ONCE cites examples of reciprocal causation between organism and the environment, Baldwin effect, ... A Genetic Theory of Morphological Evolution".
Image credits: Michael Buckner / Getty #3 Scott Disick. Boxes of Mounjaro, which is known for its weight loss effects, were found stacked in Scott Disick’s fridge on a past episode of The ...
The Baldwin effect in astronomy describes a relationship between continuum and emission-line fluxes observed in the electromagnetic spectra of quasars and active galactic nuclei, namely an anticorrelation between the equivalent width, W λ, of a spectral line and the continuum luminosity, L, in broad UV optical emission lines. This means that ...