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The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.
This was previously thought to be the highest chromosome number known for a mammal, [3] but it has since been found that the plains viscacha rat or red viscacha rat (Tympanoctomys barrerae) has 4x = 2n = 102. [4]
Przewalski's horse has the highest diploid chromosome number among all equine species. They can interbreed with the domestic horse and produce fertile offspring, with 65 chromosomes. [6] The mitochondrial genome has 37 genes that are 99.63% identical to that of the domestic horse. [25]
Euploidy and aneuploidy describe having a number of chromosomes that is an exact multiple of the number of chromosomes in a normal gamete; and having any other number, respectively. For example, a person with Turner syndrome may be missing one sex chromosome (X or Y), resulting in a (45,X) karyotype instead of the usual (46,XX) or (46,XY).
Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or over-represented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning "not", "good", and "fold"). Aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes. [44]
The diploid number of chromosomes in the cheetah is 38, the same as in most other felids. [45] The cheetah was the first felid observed to have unusually low genetic variability among individuals, [ 46 ] which has led to poor breeding in captivity, increased spermatozoal defects, high juvenile mortality and increased susceptibility to diseases ...
The basic number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of an individual or a species is called the somatic number and is designated 2n. In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23). [4] [5] p28 Thus, in humans 2n = 46. So, in normal diploid organisms, autosomal chromosomes are present in two copies.
Assembly Name Genome Size Number of Predicted Genes Reference Assembly status Ptychoderidae: Ptychodera flava: AS_Pfla_20210202 1.16 Gbp [38] 38,920 [38] 2024 draft [39] [38] BUSCO: 91.1% single copy [38] Chromosome scale, aligned to 22 pseudochromosomes (22 somatic), no mitochondrial chromosome [38] Scaffold N50: 44.0 Mbp [38] Contig N50: 6.5 ...