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Submerged unit weight The difference between the saturated unit weight and the unit weight of water. [4] It is often used in the calculation of the effective stress in a soil. The formula for submerged unit weight is: ′ = where γ′ is the submerged unit weight of the material; γ s is the saturated unit weight of the material; γ w is the ...
When the drying process is complete, the sample's weight is compared to its weight before drying, and the difference is used to calculate the sample's original moisture content. Gravimetric water content, u , is calculated [ 4 ] via the mass of water m w {\displaystyle m_{w}} :
For level ground conditions, the total vertical stress at a point, , on average, is the weight of everything above that point per unit area. The vertical stress beneath a uniform surface layer with density ρ {\displaystyle \rho } , and thickness H {\displaystyle H} is for example:
The unit of activity is the becquerel (symbol Bq), which is defined equivalent to reciprocal seconds (symbol s −1). The older, non-SI unit of activity is the curie (Ci), which is 3.7 × 10 10 radioactive decays per second. Another unit of activity is the rutherford, which is defined as 1 × 10 6 radioactive decays per second.
Note that for different gasses, the value of H n differs, according to the molar mass M: It is 10.9 for nitrogen, 9.2 for oxygen and 6.3 for carbon dioxide. The theoretical value for water vapor is 19.6, but due to vapor condensation the water vapor density dependence is highly variable and is not well approximated by this formula.
The standard unit is the meter cubed per kilogram (m 3 /kg or m 3 ·kg −1). Sometimes specific volume is expressed in terms of the number of cubic centimeters occupied by one gram of a substance. In this case, the unit is the centimeter cubed per gram (cm 3 /g or cm 3 ·g −1). To convert m 3 /kg to cm 3 /g, multiply by 1000; conversely ...
Saturated surface dry (SSD) is defined as the condition of an aggregate in which the surfaces of the particles are "dry" (i.e., surface adsorption would no longer take place), but the inter-particle voids are saturated with water. In this condition aggregates will not affect the free water content of a composite material. [1] [2]
The specific storage is the amount of water that a portion of an aquifer releases from storage, per unit mass or volume of the aquifer, per unit change in hydraulic head, while remaining fully saturated. Mass specific storage is the mass of water that an aquifer releases from storage, per mass of aquifer, per unit decline in hydraulic head ...