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The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...
g w is the unit weight of water (kN/m 3), = / d w is the depth of the water table (m), and the pore pressure at depth, z, below the surface is: = (), where: p u is the unsaturated pore water pressure (Pa) at point, z, below ground level, z u is depth below ground level.
The oven-dry method requires drying a sample (of soil, wood, etc.) in a special oven or kiln and checking the sample weight at regular time intervals. When the drying process is complete, the sample's weight is compared to its weight before drying, and the difference is used to calculate the sample's original moisture content.
Hydraulic conductivity has units with dimensions of length per time (e.g., m/s, ft/day and (gal/day)/ft 2); transmissivity then has units with dimensions of length squared per time. The following table gives some typical ranges (illustrating the many orders of magnitude which are likely) for K values.
The saturation vapor density (SVD) is the maximum density of water vapor in air at a given temperature. [1] The concept is related to saturation vapor pressure (SVP). It can be used to calculate exact quantity of water vapor in the air from a relative humidity (RH = % local air humidity measured / local total air humidity possible ) Given an RH percentage, the density of water in the air is ...
γ′ is the effective unit weight when saturated or the total unit weight when not fully saturated. B is the width or the diameter of the foundation. φ′ is the effective internal angle of friction. K pγ is obtained graphically. Simplifications have been made to eliminate the need for K pγ. One such was done by Coduto, given below, and it ...
A Assuming an altitude of 194 metres above mean sea level (the worldwide median altitude of human habitation), an indoor temperature of 23 °C, a dewpoint of 9 °C (40.85% relative humidity), and 760 mmHg sea level–corrected barometric pressure (molar water vapor content = 1.16%).
The bulk density of soil depends greatly on the mineral make up of soil and the degree of compaction. [3] The density of quartz is around 2.65 g/cm 3 but the (dry) bulk density of a mineral soil is normally about half that density, between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm 3.