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This promotes proliferation and survival of injured tubular epithelial cells and promotes anti-inflammatory phenotypes in resident macrophage to promote kidney healing. [10] Lastly, activation of CSF1R is a strong chemokinetic signal, inducing macrophage polarization and chemotaxis towards the source of CSF1R ligand.
A macrophage-activating factor (MAF) is a lymphokine or other receptor based signal that primes macrophages towards cytotoxicity to tumors, cytokine secretion, or clearance of pathogens. Similar molecules may cause development of an inhibitory, regulatory phenotype.
The activation of T H 1 and M1 macrophage is a positive feedback loop, with IFN-γ from T H 1 cells upregulating CD40 expression on macrophages; the interaction between CD40 on the macrophages and CD40L on T cells activate macrophages to secrete IL-12; and IL-12 promotes more IFN-γ secretion from T H 1 cells.
Macrophage polarization is a process by which macrophages adopt different functional programs in response to the signals from their microenvironment. This ability is connected to their multiple roles in the organism: they are powerful effector cells of the innate immune system, but also important in removal of cellular debris, embryonic development and tissue repair.
Macrophages are the most efficient phagocytes and can phagocytose substantial numbers of bacteria or other cells or microbes. [2] The binding of bacterial molecules to receptors on the surface of a macrophage triggers it to engulf and destroy the bacteria through the generation of a "respiratory burst", causing the release of reactive oxygen ...
M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells. [7] M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, and increased tumour cell ...
Binding to CSF1 and IL34 ligands activate CSF1R, promoting survival and activity of monocytes and macrophages. Five Prime has an early stage drug, FPA008, that blocks CSF1R in the hope of treating macrophage-dependent diseases including cancers and rheumatoid arthritis - in trials with Nivolumab.
AIM is highly expressed in foam macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques, promoting macrophage survival and inflammatory responses. AIM deficiency in mice shows improved outcomes after myocardial infarction , including increased survival, reduced heart rupture , and altered macrophage profiles.