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An ionospheric model is a mathematical description of the ionosphere as a function of location, altitude, day of year, phase of the sunspot cycle and geomagnetic activity. Geophysically, the state of the ionospheric plasma may be described by four parameters: electron density, electron and ion temperature and, since several species of ions are ...
In an isothermal model of the atmosphere, the density () varies exponentially with altitude according to the Barometric formula: = (),where denotes the density at sea level (=) and the so-called scale height.
The model can represent variation of these quantities with altitude, latitude, longitude, date, and time of day. It can also make use of solar, ionospheric and geomagnetic indices to refine the model. Vertical total electron content (TEC) may be derived. (A snapshot of model predictions is shown in the latitude vs. longitude map above). [6]
As with other ionospheric sectors, 'layer' implies a concentration of plasma, while 'region' is the volume that contains the said layer. The F region contains ionized gases at a height of around 150–800 km (100 to 500 miles) above sea level, placing it in the Earth's thermosphere , a hot region in the upper atmosphere , and also in the ...
Schematic of the Birkeland or Field-Aligned Currents and the ionospheric current systems they connect to, Pedersen and Hall currents. [1]A Birkeland current (also known as field-aligned current, FAC) is a set of electrical currents that flow along geomagnetic field lines connecting the Earth's magnetosphere to the Earth's high latitude ionosphere.
Army football plays one of its biggest games in recent memory on Saturday when it takes on No. 6 Notre Dame in a top 20 matchup.. The 17th-ranked Black Knights (9-0, 7-0 AAC) face the Fighting ...
Gay, 38, played for five teams — the Memphis Grizzlies, San Antonio Spurs, Sacramento Kings, Utah Jazz and Toronto Raptors — after being selected eighth overall by the Houston Rockets in the ...
(Reuters) - U.S. homebuilder sentiment rose to a seven-month high in November and expectations for sales in the next six months surged to the highest in about two-and-a-half years after a ...