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In medicine, confusion is the quality or state of being bewildered or unclear. The term "acute mental confusion" [1] is often used interchangeably with delirium [2] in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the Medical Subject Headings publications to describe the pathology.
Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term which is now discouraged) [1] is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.
Confusional arousals are accompanied by mental confusion and disorientation, relative lack of response to environmental stimuli, and difficulty of awakening the subject. [3] [4] [5] Vocalisation accompanied with coherent speech is common. [3] Patients may appear upset, and some of them become aggressive or agitated. [4]
Clouding of consciousness, also called brain fog or mental fog, [1] [2] occurs when a person is slightly less wakeful or aware than normal. [3] They are less aware of time and their surroundings, and find it difficult to pay attention. [ 3 ]
Ischemic stroke and brain bleeding are other causes of altered consciousness. [12] Infections of the central nervous system may also be associated with decreased LOC; for example, an altered LOC is the most common symptom of encephalitis. [14]
Anton syndrome is mostly seen following a stroke, but may also be seen after head injury.Neurologist Macdonald Critchley describes it thusly: The sudden development of bilateral occipital dysfunction is likely to produce transient physical and psychological effects in which mental confusion may be prominent.
The research in question comes from a 2024 study in Aging & Mental Health. Basically, the researchers gave an online survey to U.S. adults between 65 and 90 years old. The survey asked the ...
Thought blocking is a neuropsychological symptom expressing a sudden and involuntary silence within a speech, and eventually an abrupt switch to another topic. [1] Persons undergoing thought blocking may utter incomprehensible speech; they may also repeat words involuntarily or make up new words.
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