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2. 3D cell culture - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_cell_culture

   A 3D cell culture is an artificially created environment in which biological cells are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions. Unlike 2D environments (e.g. a Petri dish), a 3D cell culture allows cells in vitro to grow in all directions, similar to how they would in vivo. [1]

3. Biofoam - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofoam

   These aerogels tend to have internal structures categorized as open or closed cell structures, [17] the same cell structure that is used to define many 3-dimensional honeycomb biofoams. Aerogels are also being engineered to mirror the internal foam structures of animal hairs (see Figure 3).

4. Cell culture - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture

   Currently, there is an increase in use of 3D cell cultures in research areas including drug discovery, cancer biology, regenerative medicine, nanomaterials assessment and basic life science research. [66] [67] [68] 3D cell cultures can be grown using a scaffold or matrix, or in a scaffold-free manner. Scaffold based cultures utilize an ...

5. 3D bioprinting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_bioprinting

   Different models of 3D printing tissue and organs. Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the use of 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, bio-inks, and biomaterials to fabricate functional structures that were traditionally used for tissue engineering applications but in recent times have seen increased interest in other applications such as biosensing, and ...

6. Phase-out of polystyrene foam - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-out_of_polystyrene_foam

   Expanded polystyrene, often termed Styrofoam, is a contributor of microplastics from both land and maritime activities. Polystyrene is not biodegradeable but is susceptible to photo-oxidation, and degrades slowly in the ocean as microplastic marine debris. Animals do not recognize polystyrene foam as an artificial material, may mistake it for ...

7. Cellular Potts model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_Potts_model

   The formalism can be extended to include cell behaviours such as cell migration, growth and division, and cell signalling. The first CPM was proposed for the simulation of cell sorting by François Graner and James A. Glazier as a modification of a large-Q Potts model. [1] CPM was then popularized by Paulien Hogeweg for studying morphogenesis. [2]

8. Organ-on-a-chip - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip

   3D cell-culture models exceed 2D culture systems by promoting higher levels of cell differentiation and tissue organization. 3D culture systems are more successful because the flexibility of the ECM gels accommodates shape changes and cell-cell connections – formerly prohibited by rigid 2D culture substrates.

9. 3D cell culture in wood-based nanocellulose hydrogel

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_cell_culture_in_wood...

   Hydrogel from wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is used as a matrix for 3D cell culture, providing a three-dimensional environment that more closely resembles the conditions found in living tissue. As plant based material, it does not contain any human- or animal-derived components.