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The depth of the anterior chamber of the eye varies between 1.5 and 4.0 mm, averaging 3.0 mm. It tends to become shallower at older age and in eyes with hypermetropia (far sightedness). As depth decreases below 2.5 mm, the risk for angle closure glaucoma increases.
The anterior chamber drainage angle is then graded as a ratio between the peripheral anterior chamber depth and corneal thickness (AC : C ratio) [5] or expressed traditionally as a fraction [6] to provide the Van Herick's result. Grading can also be obtained by distinguishing the structures visible upon observation.
The anterior chamber angle is a part of the eye located between the cornea and iris which contains the trabecular meshwork. The size of this angle is an important determinant of the rate aqueous humour flows out of the eye, and thus, the intraocular pressure. The anterior chamber angle is the structure which determines the anterior chamber depth.
True anterior chamber depth (ACD) is measured between the posterior corneal surface and the anterior lens surface. This measure is not to be confused with the anterior chamber constant (ACD constant) used in IOL power calculation formulas. [2] All lens constants are estimates, to begin with.
The power of phakic lens is independent of the axial length of the eye. Rather it depends on central corneal power, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and patient refraction (preoperative spherical equivalent). The most common formula for calculating the power of phakic IOL is the following: [2]
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The depth of the anterior chamber and position of the posterior capsule may be maintained during surgery by OVDs or an anterior chamber maintainer, which is an auxiliary cannula providing a sufficient flow of BSS to maintain the stability of the shape of the chamber and internal pressure. [4] [9] [clarification needed]
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