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In organic chemistry, a rearrangement reaction is a broad class of organic reactions where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the original molecule. [1] Often a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in the same molecule, hence these reactions are usually intramolecular. In the example below ...
Meisenheimer rearrangement; Meissenheimer complex; Menshutkin reaction; Metal-ion-catalyzed σ-bond rearrangement; Mesylation; Merckwald asymmetric synthesis; Metallo-ene reaction; Methylation; Meyer and Hartmann reaction; Meyer reaction; Meyer synthesis; Meyer–Schuster rearrangement; Michael addition; Michael addition, Michael system ...
The Carroll rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry and involves the transformation of a β-keto allyl ester into a α-allyl-β-ketocarboxylic acid. [18] This organic reaction is accompanied by decarboxylation and the final product is a γ,δ-allylketone.
Factors governing organic reactions are essentially the same as that of any chemical reaction.Factors specific to organic reactions are those that determine the stability of reactants and products such as conjugation, hyperconjugation and aromaticity and the presence and stability of reactive intermediates such as free radicals, carbocations and carbanions.
In this case, the reaction must pass through the boat transition state to produce the two cis double bonds. A trans double bond in the ring would be too strained. The reaction occurs under thermal conditions. The driving force of the reaction is the loss of strain from the cyclobutane ring. An organocatalytic Cope rearrangement was first ...
The Dowd–Beckwith ring-expansion reaction is an organic reaction in which a cyclic carbonyl (typically a β-keto ester) is expanded by up to 4 carbons in a free radical ring expansion reaction through an α-alkylhalo substituent. The radical initiator system is based on azobisisobutyronitrile and tributyltin hydride. [1]
The rearrangement of acetone oxime in the Beckmann solution involved three acetic acid molecules and one proton (present as an oxonium ion). In the transition state leading to the iminium ion (σ-complex), the methyl group migrates to the nitrogen atom in a concerted reaction as the hydroxyl group is expelled. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl ...
In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this: