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Picea abies, the Norway spruce [2] or European spruce, [3] is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. [ 4 ] It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the largest cones of any spruce , 9–17 cm long.
Old Tjikko [a] is an approximately 9,567-year old Norway spruce, located in the Dalarna province in Sweden. Old Tjikko originally gained fame as the "world's oldest tree". [1] Old Tjikko is, however, a clonal tree that has regenerated new trunks, branches and roots over millennia rather than an individual tree of great age.
The peg-like base of the needles, or pulvinus, in Norway spruce (Picea abies) Pulvini remain after the needles fall (white spruce, Picea glauca). Determining that a tree is a spruce is not difficult; evergreen needles that are more or less quadrangled, and especially the pulvinus, give it away.
Norway spruce Picea abies: Fulufjället National Park, Dalarna: Sweden: The tree's stems live no more than 600 years, but its root system's age [72] [73] was established using carbon dating and genetic matching. [74] Elsewhere in the Fulu mountains, 20 spruces have been found older than 8,000 years. [75] Old Rasmus: 9,500: Norway spruce Picea abies
Picea obovata, the Siberian spruce, is a spruce native to Siberia, from the Ural Mountains east to Magadan Oblast, and from the Arctic tree line south to the Altay Mountains in northwestern Mongolia. It is a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 15–35 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 m, and a conical crown with drooping ...
The Trafalgar Square Christmas tree is typically a 50- to 60-year-old Norway spruce, generally over 20 metres tall. [2] The tree is cut in Norway some time in November during a ceremony attended by the British Ambassador to Norway, Mayor of Oslo, and Lord Mayor of Westminster. [2]
Sitka spruce is also planted extensively in Denmark, Norway, and Iceland. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] In Norway, Sitka spruce was introduced in the early 1900s. An estimated 50,000 hectares (120,000 acres) have been planted in Norway, mainly along the coast from Vest-Agder in the south to Troms in the north.
The European spruce bark beetle has a significant impact on both the ecological and economic environment of Norway spruce forests. Together with storm events, bark beetle outbreaks are thought by some to be one of the most important natural disturbances in this region. [8]