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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, later Prime Minister of Turkey and President of Turkey, served as mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. [ 53 ] In 2013, Taksim Square was the center of the Gezi Park protests , where protesters protested a wide range of concerns at the core of which were issues of freedom of the press, of expression, assembly, and the ...
Constantinople [a] (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century, Constantinople remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire; 330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453 ...
Mehmed the Conqueror captures Constantinople and declares it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire (29 May 1453) Constantinople during the Ottoman era (1453–1922) Suleiman the Magnificent 's reign from 1520 to 1566 is a period of great artistic and architectural achievements
6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power. Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne. [5] Hagia Sophia (converted from Orthodox cathedral to mosque) in use. [6] Medrese predecessor of Istanbul University established. Population: 40,000–50,000; 1454
Istanbul's first private university, Koç University, was founded as late as 1992, because private universities were not allowed in Turkey before the 1982 amendment to the constitution. [312] Istanbul is also home to several conservatories and art schools, including Mimar Sinan Academy of Fine Arts , founded in 1882.
This combination of imperialism and location would affect Constantinople's role as the nexus between the continents of Europe and Asia. It was a commercial, cultural, and diplomatic centre and for centuries formed the capital of the Byzantine Empire , which decorated the city with numerous monuments, some still standing today.
A 1927 map of Turkey which was published before the alphabet reform, where the name İstanbul is used. İstanbul originally was not used for the entire city, instead the name referred to the core of Istanbul—the walled city. [15]
The seven hills, all located in the area within the walls, first appeared when the valleys of the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus were opened up during the Secondary and Tertiary periods. In the Ottoman Age , as in the earlier Byzantine period, each hill was surmounted by monumental religious buildings (churches under the Byzantines, imperial ...
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