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A geodetic control network consists of stable, identifiable points with published datum values derived from observations that tie the points together. [1] Classically, a control is divided into horizontal (X-Y) and vertical (Z) controls (components of the control), however with the advent of satellite navigation systems, GPS in particular, this ...
Traverse is a method in the field of surveying to establish control networks. [1] It is also used in geodesy. Traverse networks involve placing survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next point.
Benchmarking, also known as benchmark hunting, [1] is a hobby activity in which participants find benchmarks (also known as survey markers or geodetic control points). The term "benchmark" is used only to refer to survey markers that designate a certain elevation , but hobbyists often use the term benchmarks to include triangulation stations or ...
A (relatively prominent) survey monument that is part of the NSRS [1]. The National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), managed by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), is a coordinate system that includes latitude, longitude, elevation, and other values.
Geodetic Reference System 1980: ISO 6709: Geographic point coord. 1983: NAD 83: North American Datum 1983: WGS 84: World Geodetic System 1984: NAVD 88: N. American Vertical Datum 1988: ETRS89: European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989: GCJ-02: Chinese obfuscated datum 2002: Geo URI: Internet link to a point 2010
The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is a United States federal agency based in Washington, D.C. that defines and manages a national coordinate system, providing the foundation for transportation and communication, mapping and charting, and a large number of science and engineering applications.
A geodetic datum (horizontal, vertical, or three-dimensional) which binds the abstract coordinate system to the real space of the Earth. A horizontal datum can be defined as a precise reference framework for measuring geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude). Examples include the World Geodetic System and the 1927 and 1983 North American ...
The North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) is the vertical datum for orthometric heights established for vertical control surveying in the United States based upon the General Adjustment of the North American Datum of 1988. [1] It superseded the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29), [2] previously known as the Sea Level ...