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Some climate change effects: wildfire caused by heat and dryness, bleached coral caused by ocean acidification and heating, environmental migration caused by desertification, and coastal flooding caused by storms and sea level rise. Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an overall ...
Heat waves are more likely to occur simultaneously with droughts. Marine heatwaves are twice as likely as they were in 1980. [34] Climate change will lead to more very hot days and fewer very cold days. [35]: 7 There are fewer cold waves. [36]: 8 Experts can often attribute the intensity of individual heat waves to global warming.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency had issued a 100-page report on global warming and human health back in 1989. [ 131 ] [ 144 ] By the early years of the 21st century, climate change was increasingly addressed as a public health concern at a global level, for example in 2006 at Nairobi by UN secretary general Kofi Annan .
In the 1980s, the terms global warming and climate change became more common, often being used interchangeably. [29] [30] [31] Scientifically, global warming refers only to increased surface warming, while climate change describes both global warming and its effects on Earth's climate system, such as precipitation changes. [28]
When the agreement was signed, governments admitted the Paris targets would not limit global warming to 1.5C. Current climate plans still put the world on track for around 2.6C to 2.8C of warming ...
Based on heatwaves in the West Midlands in 2003-2006, it is estimated that reflective “cool” roofs could significantly reduce temperatures by 0.3°C (about 23% of the urban heat island effect). [29] Besides changes in the environment, individual protective behaviours can also reduce the health consequences of heat.
Updated 2022 estimates show that even at a global average increase of 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) over pre-industrial temperatures, only 0.2% of the world's coral reefs would still be able to withstand marine heatwaves, as opposed to 84% being able to do so now, with the figure dropping to 0% at 2 °C (3.6 °F) warming and beyond.
The effects of climate change on the water cycle have important negative effects on the availability of freshwater resources, as well as other water reservoirs such as oceans, ice sheets, the atmosphere and soil moisture. The water cycle is essential to life on Earth and plays a large role in the global climate system and ocean circulation.