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A learned optimism test (developed by Seligman) is used to determine an individual's base level of optimism. Being in the more pessimistic categories means that learning optimism has a chance of preventing depression, helping the person achieve more, and improve physical health.
A common question asked to test for pessimism is "Is the glass half empty or half full?"; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of ...
The optimistic position is also called Panglossianism which became an term for excessive, even stupendous, optimism. [57] The phrase "panglossian pessimism" has been used [ by whom? ] to describe the pessimistic position that, since this is the best of all possible worlds, it is impossible for anything to get any better.
Self-esteem allows people to face life with more confidence, benevolence, and optimism, and thus easily reach their goals and self-actualize. [101] Self-esteem may make people convinced they deserve happiness. [101] The ability to understand and develop positive self-esteem is essential for building healthy relationships with others.
Optimism is associated with longevity, but strategic pessimism can lead to more effective planning and decision making. the dialectic of self-esteem and humility Self-esteem is related to well-being, but pursuit of self-esteem can increase depression. Humility can be either low self-opinion or it can lead to prosocial action.
Conversely, individuals with a combination of low implicit and high explicit self-esteem have what is called defensive self-esteem (or synonymously fragile self-esteem). In a comparative study it was found that individuals with defensive self-esteem tended to be less forgiving than others. [15]
Optimism bias or optimistic bias is a cognitive bias that causes someone to believe that they themselves are less likely to experience a negative event. It is also known as unrealistic optimism or comparative optimism. It is common and transcends gender, ethnicity, nationality, and age. [1] Autistic people are less susceptible to this kind of ...
Optimism is typically examined with pessimism, and is thought to be a trait that is consistent over time. [8] Optimism has a strong influence on future orientation because optimistic people generally have positive expectations for their future and believe things will happen in their favour. [9]