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Unlike other parts of the world, mobility is sometimes possible within sub-castes, but not across caste lines. Farmers and artisans have been, claims Richter, distinct castes. Certain sub-castes are shunned more than others. For example, exogamy is rare for women born into families of woodcarvers. [77]
The Indian government officially recognises historically discriminated communities of India such as the untouchables under the designation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, and certain economically backward Shudra castes as Other Backward Class. [259] The Scheduled Castes are sometimes referred to as Dalit in contemporary literature.
In India, anthropologists now more often speak of 'sub-castes' or Jatis, as the building blocks of society [rather than castes]. However, unless there is a strong element of political control or territoriality associated with such groups these too tend to disintegrate upon closer inspection as soon as essentially exogamous practices such as ...
The complete list of castes and tribes was made via two orders: The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 [36] and The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, [37] respectively. Which are derived from colonial list and first updated in Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956.
The community, due to its size, has a great number of sub-castes, including: Yerra, Mushti, Mukti, [14] Masaram, Karine, Pakinati, Puja, Modateetta, Nallasadana, Gujarathi, Gampa, Peyya, Veyya, Kuruma and Sidda. [15] The Kannada-speaking Hanabaru or Krishna Golla are also considered to be a sub-caste. [16] [page needed]
Below is a list of over 24 Newar castes, their sub-caste groups and clans, along with their traditional occupations and the most common surnames in their respective hierarchical positions. Also listed is the approximate percentages of the major castes of Newars sampled within Kathmandu Valley.
Today, the Lingayat community is a blend of various castes, consisting of OBC [117] [118] and SC. [119] Currently, 16 castes of Lingayats have been accorded the OBC status by the Central Government. [118] According to one of the estimates by a Lingayat politician around 7 per cent of people in Lingayat community come under SC and STs. [119]
The continued use of caste based references to Dalit sub-castes in South Indian films (typecast and pigeonholed in their main socio-economic sub-group) angers many Dalit fans. [269] A Brazilian telenovela India: A Love Story was broadcast in 2009 where the main female character Maya, who is of upper class, falls in love with a Dalit person ...