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Physiognomy of the melancholic temperament (drawing by Thomas Holloway, c.1789, made for Johann Kaspar Lavater's Essays on Physiognomy). Melancholia or melancholy (from Greek: µέλαινα χολή melaina chole, [1] meaning black bile) [2] is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood ...
Melancholia and melancholy had been used interchangeably until the 19th century, but the former came to refer to a pathological condition and the latter to a temperament. [3] The term depression was derived from the Latin verb deprimere, "to press down". [12] From the 14th century, "to depress" meant to subjugate or to bring down in spirits.
Melancholy may refer to: Melancholia, one of the four temperaments in pre-modern medicine and proto-psychology, representing a state of low mood; Depression (mood), a state of low mood, also known as melancholy; Major depressive disorder, a mood disorder historically called melancholy
The words "melancholia" (an old word for depression) and "mania" have their etymologies in Ancient Greek. The word melancholia is derived from melas /μελας, meaning "black", and chole /χολη, meaning "bile" or "gall", [ 1 ] indicative of the term's origins in pre- Hippocratic humoral theories.
Saudade is a word in Portuguese and Galician that claims no direct translation in English. However, a close translation in English would be "desiderium." Desiderium is defined as an ardent desire or longing, especially a feeling of loss or grief for something lost. Desiderium comes from the word desiderare, meaning to long for.
Nostalgia is a sentimentality for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations. [2] The word nostalgia is a learned formation of a Greek compound, consisting of νόστος (nóstos), meaning "homecoming", a Homeric word, and ἄλγος (álgos), meaning "pain", and was coined by a 17th-century medical student to describe the anxieties displayed by Swiss ...
“The concept of hope is a social gift, meaning that hope is developed and reinforced in relationships that we have with each other. During Covid, there was an enhanced isolation, so I think that ...
Until then 'Melancholy' (Black bile) was one of the 4 Galenic humours, derived from the Aristotelian elements, and the 'Melancholy Complexion' described a man who suffered from fearfulness, bad dreams and dark reflections, all somewhat 'neurotic', so the word 'melancholy' is both a noun and an adjective, and has both mediaeval and modern senses.