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Galactoside acetyltransferase (also known as Galactoside O-acetyltransferase, thiogalactoside transacetylase, β-galactoside transacetylase and GAT) is an enzyme that transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to β-galactosides, glucosides and lactosides. It is coded for by the lacA gene of the lac operon in E. coli. [1]
The lactose operon (lac operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli and many other enteric bacteria.Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most enteric bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available through the activity of β-galactosidase. [1]
Galactoside permease is a protein coded by the lacY gene of the lac operon, and is found bound to the membrane of a cell for the purpose of binding galactoside molecules that have been solubilized. The protein is part of a system whose main function is to catalyze the accumulation and transport of lactose and other beta-galactosides across the ...
Lactose permease is a membrane protein which is a member of the major facilitator superfamily.Lactose permease can be classified as a symporter, which uses the proton gradient towards the cell to transport β-galactosides such as lactose in the same direction into the cell.
An acetyltransferase (also referred to as a transacetylase) is any of a class of transferase enzymes that transfers an acetyl group in a reaction called acetylation.In biological organisms, post-translational modification of a protein via acetylation can profoundly transform its functionality by altering various properties like hydrophobicity, solubility, and surface attributes. [1]
Each unit of β-galactosidase consists of five domains; domain 1 is a jelly-roll type β-barrel, domain 2 and 4 are fibronectin type III-like barrels, domain 5 a novel β-sandwich, while the central domain 3 is a distorted TIM-type barrel, lacking the fifth helix with a distortion in the sixth strand. [8] The third domain contains the active ...
The lac repressor (LacI) is a DNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in the metabolism of lactose in bacteria. These genes are repressed when lactose is not available to the cell, ensuring that the bacterium only invests energy in the production of machinery necessary for uptake and utilization of ...
In enzymology, an acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. 2 acetyl-CoA CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA. Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, acetyl-CoA, and two products, CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA.