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Medical paternalism is a set of attitudes and practices in medicine in which a physician determines that a patient's wishes or choices should not be honored. These practices were current through the early to mid 20th century, and were characterised by a paternalistic attitude, surrogate decision-making and a lack of respect for patient autonomy. [1]
Child wearing a child harness. Paternalism is action that limits a person's or group's liberty or autonomy and is intended to promote their own good. [1] Paternalism can also imply that the behavior is against or regardless of the will of a person, or also that the behavior expresses an attitude of superiority. [2]
Libertarian paternalism is the idea that it is both possible and legitimate for private and public institutions to affect behavior while also respecting freedom of choice, as well as the implementation of that idea.
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The legal process of determining paternity normally results in the naming of a man to a child's birth certificate as the child's legal father. A paternity finding resolves issues of legitimacy, and may be followed by court rulings that relate to child support and maintenance, custody and guardianship.
Parens patriae is Latin for "father of the nation" (lit., "father of one's country"). [1] [2] In law, it refers to the public policy power of the state to intervene against an abusive or negligent parent, legal guardian, or informal caretaker, and to act as the parent of any child, individual or animal who is in need of protection.
Critical of individualism and classical economics, [5] they also disliked the 1834 New Poor Law and believed in the role of the state in guaranteeing decent housing, working conditions, wages and treatment of the poor. [5] Benjamin Disraeli is widely considered to be the architect of one-nation conservatism.
Historically, patriarchy has manifested itself in the social, legal, political, religious, and economic organization of a range of different cultures. [6] Most contemporary societies are, in practice, patriarchal, unless the criteria of complete exclusion of women in authority is applied.