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Alexander I (Russian: Александр I Павлович, romanized: Aleksandr I Pavlovich, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ]; 23 December [O.S. 12 December] 1777 – 1 December [O.S. 19 November] 1825), [a] [2] nicknamed "the Blessed", [b] was Emperor of Russia from 1801, the first king of Congress Poland from 1815, and the grand duke of Finland from 1809 to his death in 1825.
The document summed up Alexander's counter reform policies. In his book Russia: A 1,000-Year Chronicle Of The Wild East, Martin Sixsmith compared the language of Alexander's document to Ivan the Terrible's coronation speech. Sixsmith says that the "language is strikingly reminiscent of Ivan the Terrible's speech at his coronation in 1547: 'From ...
Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator (Russian: Алекса́ндр Освободи́тель, romanized: Aleksándr Osvobodítel, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɐsvəbɐˈdʲitʲɪlʲ]).
The spirits responded to questions asked by Alexander II, answering by rapping the letters of the alphabet, which he wrote down painstakingly on paper in front of him. A lady-in-waiting later complained that the answers were meaningless and wondered why they were more interested in playing games than providing real answers to the Tsar's questions.
The serfs were emancipated in 1861, a process which took place following a speech given by Tsar Alexander II on 30 March 1856. [2] In Georgia, the emancipation took place later, in 1864, and on much better terms for the nobles than in Russia. [3] State-owned serfs (those living on and working Imperial lands) were emancipated in 1866. [1]
Etty, John. "Alexander III, Tsar of Russia 1881–1889." History Review 60 (2008): 1–5. online; Hutchinson, John F. Late Imperial Russia: 1890–1917; Lincoln, W. Bruce. The Romanovs : autocrats of all the Russias (1981) online free to borrow; Lowe, Charles. Alexander III of Russia (1895) online free full-length old biography
From 1815 to Tsar Alexander's death, Arakcheyev was near the tsar as member of the State Council, and was an influential voice in the tsar's entourage. During Alexander I's journeys abroad, Arakcheev would follow, giving his accord to every law passed. [5] By 1823, he was 'at the height of his power' and was able to plot the downfall of his ...
Dvorzhitzky offered to drive the Tsar back to the Palace in his sleigh. The Tsar agreed, but he decided to first see the culprit, and to survey the damage. He expressed solicitude for the victims. To the anxious inquires of his entourage, Alexander replied, "Thank God, I'm untouched". [3] [6] [7] The uniform worn by Alexander II during the ...