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The reaction of an organic substrate with phosgene is called phosgenation. [9] Phosgenation of diols give carbonates (R = H, alkyl, aryl), which can be either linear or cyclic: n HO−CR 2 −X−CR 2 −OH + n COCl 2 → [−O−CR 2 −X−CR 2 −O−C(=O)−] n + 2n HCl. An example is the reaction of phosgene with bisphenol A to form ...
The main polycarbonate material is produced by the reaction of bisphenol A (BPA) and phosgene COCl 2. The overall reaction can be written as follows: The first step of the synthesis involves treatment of bisphenol A with sodium hydroxide, which deprotonates the hydroxyl groups of the bisphenol A. [6] (HOC 6 H 4) 2 CMe 2 + 2 NaOH → Na 2 (OC 6 ...
Phosgene oxime can be prepared by reduction of chloropicrin using a combination of tin metal and hydrochloric acid as the source of the active hydrogen reducing agent: Cl 3 CNO 2 + 4 [H] → Cl 2 C=N−OH + HCl + H 2 O. The observation of a transient violet color in the reaction suggests intermediate formation of trichloronitrosomethane (Cl 3 ...
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]
Triphosgene (bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (BTC)) is a chemical compound with the formula OC(OCCl 3) 2. It is used as a solid substitute for phosgene, which is a gas and diphosgene, which is a liquid. [5] [6] Triphosgene is stable up to 200 °C. [7] Triphosgene is used in a variety of halogenation reactions. [8]
Owing to the hazardous nature of phosgene, the production of isocyanates requires special precautions. [1] A laboratory-safe variation masks the phosgene as oxalyl chloride. [5] Also, oxalyl chloride can be used to form acyl isocyanates from primary amides, which phosgene typically dehydrates to nitriles instead. [6]
Thiophosgene is a red liquid with the formula CSCl 2. It is a molecule with trigonal planar geometry. It is a molecule with trigonal planar geometry. There are two reactive C–Cl bonds that allow it to be used in diverse organic syntheses .
If the concentration of a reactant remains constant (because it is a catalyst, or because it is in great excess with respect to the other reactants), its concentration can be included in the rate constant, leading to a pseudo–first-order (or occasionally pseudo–second-order) rate equation. For a typical second-order reaction with rate ...
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