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The summation symbol. Mathematical notation uses a symbol that compactly represents summation of many similar terms: the summation symbol, , an enlarged form of the upright capital Greek letter sigma. [1] This is defined as
The individual terms in the sum are not. When the basis is changed, the components of a vector change by a linear transformation described by a matrix. This led Einstein to propose the convention that repeated indices imply the summation is to be done. As for covectors, they change by the inverse matrix. This is designed to guarantee that the ...
Einstein notation, summation over like-subscripted indices Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists mathematics articles associated with the same title.
Summation methods include Cesàro summation, generalized Cesàro (,) summation, Abel summation, and Borel summation, in order of applicability to increasingly divergent series. These methods are all based on sequence transformations of the original series of terms or of its sequence of partial sums.
1. Internal direct sum: if E and F are abelian subgroups of an abelian group V, notation = means that V is the direct sum of E and F; that is, every element of V can be written in a unique way as the sum of an element of E and an element of F.
In mathematics, summation by parts transforms the summation of products of sequences into other summations, often simplifying the computation or (especially) estimation of certain types of sums. It is also called Abel's lemma or Abel transformation , named after Niels Henrik Abel who introduced it in 1826.
Mathematical notation consists of using symbols for representing operations, unspecified numbers, relations, and any other mathematical objects and assembling them into expressions and formulas. Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics , science , and engineering for representing complex concepts and properties in a concise ...
Sigma algebra also includes terms such as: σ(A), denoting the generated sigma-algebra of a set A; Σ-finite measure (see measure theory) In number theory, σ is included in various divisor functions, especially the sigma function or sum-of-divisors function. In applied mathematics, σ(T) denotes the spectrum of a linear map T.