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An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income). Income tax generally is computed as the product of a tax rate times the taxable income. Taxation rates may vary by type or characteristics of the taxpayer and the type of income.
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Direct tax in the form of an income tax was introduced by Sir James Wilson in India in 1860 to overcome the difficulties created by the Indian Rebellion of 1857. [12] The organisational history of the Income-tax Department, however, starts in the year 1922, when the Income-tax Act [4], 1922 gave, for the first time, a specific nomenclature to various Income-tax authorities.
The Income Tax Act, 1961 is the charging statute of income tax in India. It provides for the levy, administration, collection, and recovery of income tax. The Government of India brought a draft statute called the Direct Taxes Code intended to replace the Income Tax Act, 1961 and the Wealth Tax Act, 1957. The bill, however, was later scrapped. [1]
Income tax in India is governed by Entry 82 of the Union List of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India, empowering the central government to tax non-agricultural income; agricultural income is defined in Section 10(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. [2] Income-tax law consists of the 1961 act, Income Tax Rules 1962, Notifications and ...
Relative to other developing countries, the fact that India's income tax comprises 5% of its GDP is due to the fact nearly 2-3% of the population is exposed to income taxation. [27] India faces more difficulties in proliferating its income tax than a country like China, who subjects 20% of its population, because there is an emphatically low ...
One example is the United States under the American Jobs Creation Act, where any individual who has a net worth of $2 million or an average income-tax liability of $127,000 who renounces his or her citizenship and leaves the country is automatically assumed to have done so for tax avoidance reasons and is subject to a higher tax rate. [22]
In 1894, Democrats in Congress passed the Wilson-Gorman tariff, which imposed the first peacetime income tax. The rate was 2% on income over $4,000, which meant fewer than 10% of households would pay any. ($4,000 was 19.3 times the 1894 nominal GDP per capita of $207.23; the corresponding income in 2021 is $1.3M.)