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The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.
Negative affect is regularly recognized as a "stable, heritable trait tendency to experience a broad range of negative feelings, such as worry, anxiety, self-criticisms, and a negative self-view". This allows one to feel every type of emotion, which is regarded as a normal part of life and human nature.
[42] [43] Science communicator Jonathan Jarry makes the case that this effect is the only one shown in the original and subsequent papers. [44] Dunning has defended his findings, writing that purely statistical explanations often fail to consider key scholarly findings while adding that self-misjudgements are real regardless of their underlying ...
For example, if a person leans towards having a more 'positive' dispositional affect, which would mean low in negative affect, and high in positive affect, than they may have a more positive outlook towards their job, and components of their job; for example projects, bosses, coworkers, etc. Building off of this, studies have shown that people ...
An everyday example of the ostrich effect in a financial context is people avoiding checking their bank account balance after spending a lot of money. [4] The studies below explore the ostrich effect through investors in financial markets.
Affect labeling is an implicit emotional regulation strategy that can be simply described as "putting feelings into words". Specifically, it refers to the idea that explicitly labeling one's, typically negative, emotional state results in a reduction of the conscious experience, physiological response, and/or behavior resulting from that emotional state. [1]
The PANAS for Children (PANAS-C) was developed in an attempt to differentiate the affective expressions of anxiety and depression in children. The tripartite model on which this measure is based suggests that high levels of negative affect is present in those with anxiety and depression, but high levels of positive affect is not shared between the two.
For example, Donald Nathanson uses the "affect" to create a narrative for one of his patients: [5] I suspect that the reason he refuses to watch movies is the sturdy fear of enmeshment in the affect depicted on the screen; the affect mutualization for which most of us frequent the movie theater is only another source of discomfort for him. ...