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As of 2014 about 6,400 kimberlite pipes are known on Earth including about 900 that have been found to contain diamonds, with mining of diamonds occurring at about 30 pipes. [ 25 ] The discovery of diamond-rich kimberlite pipes in northern Canada during the early 1990s serves as a prime example of how challenging these deposits can be to locate ...
Lamproite pipes operate similarly to kimberlite pipes, except that the boiling water and volatile compounds contained in the magma act corrosively on the overlying rock, resulting in a broader cone of eviscerated rock (the ejection of this rock also forms a tuff ring, like kimberlite eruptions). This broad cone is then filled with volcanic ash ...
The ML rocks are not considered to be archetypal kimberilte and have been variously classified as alkaline ultramafic rocks, hybrid alkaline ultramafic rocks, alkali olivine basalt and basanite; they are difficult to classify because of strong clay alteration that has obliterated most of their original mineralogy.
The ML pipes form part of the Northern Alberta kimberlite province, along with the nearby Birch Mountains kimberlite field and the Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field.They were discovered in 1989-90 just north of Mountain Lake (55.456291n 117.714510w), which lies about 75 km (47 mi) northeast of Grande Prairie, Alberta.
Rocks in the lower crust and the upper mantle are subject to partial melting. The rate of partial melting and the resultant silicate melt composition depend on temperature, pressure, flux addition (water, volatiles) and the source rock composition. [4] In oceanic crust, decompression melting of mantle materials forms basaltic magma.
Aerial view of the Moses Rock Dike diatreme in San Juan County, Utah [1] A diatreme , sometimes known as a maar-diatreme volcano, is a volcanic pipe associated with a gaseous explosion. When magma rises up through a crack in Earth's crust and makes contact with a shallow body of groundwater , rapid expansion of heated water vapor and volcanic ...
Diavik Diamond Mine is an industrial complex set in a remote, subarctic landscape. [2] It consists of four kimberlite pipes associated with the Lac de Gras kimberlite field and is located on an island 20 km 2 (7.7 sq mi) in Lac de Gras informally known as East Island.
It is within the Lake Timiskaming Structural Zone which contains over 50 kimberlite pipes, several of which are diamondiferous. [1] The Lake Timiskaming kimberlite field formed about 147 million years ago when the North American Plate moved westward over the long-lived New England hotspot , also referred to as the Great Meteor hotspot.