Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The vertices on each end of a side are the dimensions of the matrix represented by that side. With n matrices in the multiplication chain there are n−1 binary operations and C n−1 ways of placing parentheses, where C n−1 is the (n−1)-th Catalan number.
Square brackets are also often used in place of a second set of parentheses when they are nested—so as to provide a visual distinction. In mathematical expressions in general, parentheses are also used to indicate grouping (i.e., which parts belong together) when edible to avoid ambiguities and improve clarity.
If the solution to any problem can be formulated recursively using the solution to its sub-problems, and if its sub-problems are overlapping, then one can easily memoize or store the solutions to the sub-problems in a table (often an array or hashtable in practice). Whenever we attempt to solve a new sub-problem, we first check the table to see ...
For example, in the expression 3(x+y) the parentheses are symbols of grouping, but in the expression (3, 5) the parentheses may indicate an open interval. The most common symbols of grouping are the parentheses and the square brackets, and the latter are usually used to avoid too many repeated parentheses.
The role of the parentheses in the definition is to ensure that any formula can only be obtained in one way—by following the inductive definition (i.e., there is a unique parse tree for each formula). This property is known as unique readability of formulas. There are many conventions for where parentheses are used in formulas.
The proposed solution {s,w,v,u,t} forms a valid Hamiltonian Path in the graph G. The Hamiltonian path problem is NP-Complete meaning a proposed solution can be verified in polynomial time. [1] A verifier algorithm for Hamiltonian path will take as input a graph G, starting vertex s, and ending vertex t.
In contrast to well-formed nested parentheses and square brackets in the previous section, there is no context-free grammar for generating all sequences of two different types of parentheses, each separately balanced disregarding the other, where the two types need not nest inside one another, for example: [ ( ] ) or
If a tree is a path, its metric dimension is one. Otherwise, let L denote the set of leaves, degree-one vertices in the tree. Let K be the set of vertices that have degree greater than two, and that are connected by paths of degree-two vertices to one or more leaves.